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Charles Forgy - WikiMili, The Best Wikipedia Reader
Charles L. Forgy born December 12,in Texas is a computer scientistknown for developing the Rete algorithm used in his OPS5 and other production system languages used to build expert systems.
Forgy attended Woodrow Wilson High School in Dallas, Texas, and then advanced to Arlington State College now University of Texas at Arlingtonor UTA graduating with a degree in mathematics in From there he went to Carnegie Institute of Technology later Carnegie Mellon University at Pittsburgh, a renowned center for study of artificial intelligence.
While studying at Carnegie he met his future wife, Diana, whom he married in As a student of Allen Newellhe received his Ph. in based on the Rete algorithm. Even though Forgy did not work directly on the DEC XCON AI problem of configuring computers for DEC in the late s and early s, the Rete algorithm was later incorporated into the system for more speed.
The XCON used the early versions of OPS Official Production System that migrated to OPS2 and later OPS5. XCON, a project headed up by John McDermott and later shifted over to DEC programmers, was eventually composed of over 10K rules.
The Rete Latin for "network" algorithm allowed systems to run as much as 3, times faster in those days. The original Rete algorithm was developed under a DOD grant and, as such, charles forgy phd thesis, is public domain. Forgy remained at Carnegie Mellon post-graduation and worked on further improvements to OPS5 ; in he formed a company called Production Systems Technologies to develop and sell rule-based software, where he developed " Rete 2 ", a more efficient successor charles forgy phd thesis Rete.
Rete 2 enabled rule-based programs to run between 50 and charles forgy phd thesis faster than the original Rete algorithm, depending on the complexity of the rules and objects.
The more complex, the faster the charles forgy phd thesis results. Forgy was a founder and chief scientist for Rules Powera Work Flow Management company founded in and based in Boston. During that time, Forgy incorporated Rete 2 with Relational Logic Technologywhich became named " Rete III ", charles forgy phd thesis. The performance of Rete 2 and Rete III are virtually the same but Rete III has some extensions that allow it to work more efficiently with RLT but slows it down on benchmarks.
Forgy worked a next-generation algorithm, charles forgy phd thesis, called Rete-NT, that has improved the execution speed by another order of magnitude. InRulesPower was acquired by Fair Isaac Corporationwho obtained a license to integrate Rete III into Blaze Advisor, their own business rules product.
Forgy retained the intellectual property rights to Rete 2 and his personal company, Production Systems Technologystill sells OPSJ and other systems that incorporate the Charles forgy phd thesis 2 algorithm. KnowledgeBased Systems Corporationan independent consulting company in Texas, maintains an extensive set of benchmarks for most BRMS and rulebased systems that demonstrate the effectiveness of the Rete and Rete 2 algorithms.
Forgy has often described PST as a research-oriented company rather than a vendor of BRMS tools, but he does sell various rulebased tools via PST. Forgy terminated his relationship with FICO in and joined Sparkling Logic as investor and strategic advisor. He has contributed his latest algorithm, RETE-NT, to the Sparkling Logic SMARTS product. Jess is a rule engine for the Java platform that was developed by Ernest Friedman-Hill of Sandia National Labs.
It is a superset of the CLIPS programming language. It was first written in late The language provides rule-based programming for the automation of an expert system, and is frequently termed as an expert system shell. In recent years, intelligent agent systems have also developed, which depend on a similar capability. The Rete algorithm is a pattern matching algorithm for implementing rule-based systems.
The algorithm was developed to efficiently apply many rules or patterns to many objects, or facts, in a knowledge base. It is used to determine which of the system's rules should fire based on its data store, its facts.
The Rete algorithm was designed by Charles L. Forgy of Carnegie Mellon University, first published in a working paper inand later elaborated in his Ph.
thesis and a paper. In the field of artificial intelligence, inference engine is a component of the system that applies logical rules to charles forgy phd thesis knowledge base to deduce new information, charles forgy phd thesis.
The first inference engines were components of expert systems. The typical expert system consisted of a knowledge base and an inference engine.
The knowledge base stored facts about the world. The inference engine applies logical rules to the knowledge base and deduced new knowledge. This process would iterate as each new fact in the knowledge base could trigger additional rules in the inference engine.
Inference engines work primarily in one of two modes either special rule or facts: forward chaining and backward chaining. Forward chaining starts with the known facts and asserts new facts.
Backward chaining starts with goals, and works backward to determine what facts must be asserted so that the goals can be achieved. Scott Elliott Fahlman is a computer scientist and Professor Emeritus at Carnegie Charles forgy phd thesis University's Language Technologies Institute and Computer Science Department, charles forgy phd thesis. He is notable for early work on automated planning and scheduling in a blocks world, on semantic networks, on neural networks, on the programming languages Dylan, and Common Lisp, and he was one of the founders of Lucid Inc.
During the period when it was standardized, he was recognized as "the leader of Common Lisp, charles forgy phd thesis. Logic in computer science covers the overlap between the field of logic and that of computer science. The topic can essentially be divided into three main areas:, charles forgy phd thesis.
Business rules are abstractions of the policies and practices of a business organization. In computer software development, the business rules approach is a development methodology where rules are in a form that is used by, but does not have to be embedded in, business process management systems. A production system is a computer program typically used to provide some form of artificial intelligence, which consists primarily of a set of rules about behavior but it also includes the mechanism necessary to follow those rules as the system responds to states of the world.
Those rules, termed productionsare a basic representation found useful in automated planning, charles forgy phd thesis, expert systems and action selection. The R1 program was a production-rule-based system written in OPS5 by John P. McDermott of CMU in to assist in the ordering of DEC's VAX computer systems by automatically selecting the computer system components based on the customer's requirements.
Randal E. Bryant is an American computer scientist and academic noted for his research on formally verifying digital hardware and software. Bryant has been a faculty member at Carnegie Mellon University since He currently teaches course in computer systems with Professor David R. He served as the Dean of the School of Computer Science SCS at Carnegie Mellon from to Drools is a business rule management system BRMS with a forward and backward chaining inference based rules engine, more correctly known as a production rule system, using an enhanced implementation of the Rete algorithm.
Robert Mehrabian is an Armenian-American materials scientist and the executive chairman of Teledyne Technologies Incorporated TDY. He assumed this position January 1, He was chairman, president and chief executive officer of the company from to December 31,and president and chief executive officer from to Mehrabian held various senior executive positions at Allegheny Teledyne Incorporated ATI starting in Julyprior to the spin-off of Teledyne Technologies Incorporated in November Previously he was president of Carnegie Mellon University from to He has served on the board of directors of several public companies, including Mellon Financial Corporation and its successor, Bank of New York Mellon Corporation — and PPG Industries, Inc.
A semantic reasonerreasoning enginerules engineor simply a reasoneris a piece of software able to infer logical consequences from a set of asserted facts or axioms. The notion of a semantic reasoner generalizes that of an inference engine, by providing a richer set of mechanisms to work with. The inference rules are commonly specified by means of an ontology language, and often a description logic language.
Many reasoners use first-order predicate logic to perform reasoning; inference commonly proceeds by forward chaining and backward chaining. There are also examples of probabilistic reasoners, including non-axiomatic reasoning systems, charles forgy phd thesis probabilistic logic networks. ILOG was an international software company purchased and incorporated into IBM announced in January, It created enterprise software products for supply chain, business rule management, visualization and optimization.
The main product line for Business Rules Management Systems BRMS has been rebranded as IBM Operational Decision Manager ODM. Many of the related components retain the ILOG brand as a part of their name. Gerald L. Thompson was the IBM Professor of Systems and Operations Research Emeritus in the Tepper School of Business of Carnegie Mellon University. The Lisa project is a platform for the development of Lisp-based Intelligent Software Agents.
Lisa is a production-rule system implemented in the Common Lisp Object System CLOSand is heavily influenced by CLIPS and the Java Expert System Shell JESS. OpenL Tablets is a business rule management system BRMS and a business rules engine BRE based on table representation of rules. Engine implements optimized sequential algorithm. OpenL includes such table types as decision table, decision tree, spreadsheet-like calculator.
Sridhar R. Tayur is an American business professor, entrepreneur, charles forgy phd thesis, and management thinker, charles forgy phd thesis. He is university professor of operations management and Ford Distinguished Research Chair at the Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, and the founder of SmartOps Corporation and OrganJet Corporation.
James J. Kuffner Jr. is an American roboticist and chief executive officer CEO of the Toyota Research Institute - Advanced Development TRI-AD. Kuffner received a Ph. from the Stanford University Dept. of Computer Science Robotics Laboratory in During his Ph. studies, Kuffner co-founded a computer animation startup company, The Motion Factory, which was acquired by Avid Technology in InRule Technology is a software charles forgy phd thesis that offers Business Rule Management System BRMS enterprise software products InRule is the only Charles forgy phd thesis Certified for Microsoft Dynamics CRM.
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Rete Algorithm
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